Mass spectrometry in the life sciences

The physical force needed to deflect a rock thrown in the air is related to the rock's mass. Similarly, atoms can be deflected by magnetic fields if they are first ionised, separating them into some free negatively charged electrons and positive ions. The size of the magnetic field required to displace them a given amount depends on their mass. This is the simple principle behind mass spectrometry, a technique that has been used for the last hundred years to determine the elemental components of samples ionised in a vacuum.

Applying the methodology to complex and large biological macromolecules such as proteins (mass spectrometry-based proteomics) has become possible recently. The development of soft ionisation techniques that can transform macromolecules into ions was the key. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is advancing at an amazing rate, opening a window on fundamental biological processes.

In order to foster this burgeoning new field, an exchange programme and collaboration is underway between top European and North American academic laboratories. It is supported by EU funding of the project 'Integrating high performance mass spectrometry tools with application in life science' (MSLIFE).

Project scientists are focused on the application of mass spectrometry to the life sciences, developing new technologies for identifying biomarkers of diseases and facilitating integration of mass spectrometry tools with biochemical and biomedical technologies. Among the topics being investigated are protein structure modifications that result in pathophysiology, protein conformation-dependent misfolding and molecular recognition structures.

Work has been particularly prolific within the first reporting period. Results on characterisation of cells in the nervous system and on a novel tool for rapid diagnosis of an inherited disease have already been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Work has also been presented at national and international conferences.

MSLIFE is strengthening ties between prominent European and North American academic laboratories through joint work on mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The union is proving to be particularly fruitful and is expected to lead to important new methodologies to help identify and fight disease.