Electrode helmet diagnoses brain injury

In the EU alone, 1.2 million citizens are hospitalised each year, of whom 50 000 die. This serious public health issue is particularly prevalent among teenagers and young adults whose lives are forever changed. Since the brain affects everything a person does and is, TBI can alter not only functions such as walking and talking but also personality and temperament.

Although early detection and treatment are critical to patient outcome, there is currently no objective way to diagnose a TBI at an early stage or on-site at the scene of the accident. Scientists launched the EU-funded project EMEREEG to remedy that situation. The technology exploits two non-invasive technologies that assist in diagnosis of TBI in a portable, one-size-fits-all helmet. It targets emergency responders, telemedicine, hospitals and rehabilitation centres. The first nine months have been used to define system requirements and compare conceptual designs.

Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and high-definition transcranial electrical stimulation (HD-TES) will enable detection of changes in brain state and dynamics. The device utilises vacuum-placed positioning of electrodes for accuracy. Analysis software will process data quickly and automatically give a diagnosis.

The system also incorporates a tablet computer for control and local storage and a web-based graphical user interface with wireless data transfer capability. With it, paramedics will have access to specialist support via telemedicine and a neurologist will be able to advise and approve diagnosis and treatment.

Currently, unconsciousness or required medical sedation at the scene of an accident impairs diagnosis via cognitive exams and sophisticated techniques are expensive and complex, requiring specialised operators. The portable helmet with qEEG and HD-TES will enable rapid neurological examination on site, speeding treatment and enhancing patient outcome.

Results have already led to a publication that was presented at the 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. With commercialisation, EMEREEG will enhance emergency care and quality of life for individuals with TBI, particularly those in underserved remote and rural areas. The small and medium-sized enterprises involved expect a significant increase in revenues and job generation.