Stem cells are said to be the body’s natural reservoir. They have the unique ability to produce both copies of themselves (self-renewal) and other more specialised cell types (differentiation) every time they divide. This makes fascinating for researchers and a very powerful tool in the treatment a range of diseases, conditions and injuries. However, stem cell research is not without its critics. Certain areas, notably embryonic stem cell research, have proven controversial within, and outside of, the scientific community. The debate on this issue is very much ongoing.
Stem cell research offers an array of applications – not only how we are
using it now but also possible uses in the future that scientists are
still exploring. For example, by observing stem cells, scientists gain a
greater understanding of what controls normal development. This can
help in the treatment of serious medical conditions, such as cancer and
birth defects, which are due to abnormal cell division and
differentiation.
Stem cells also have the ability to replace damaged cells and treat
disease. They are already used in the treatment of extensive burns, and
to restore the blood system in patients with leukaemia and other blood
disorders. If they can be directed to differentiate into specific cell
types, they may be used to treat diseases including Parkinson's, stroke,
heart disease and diabetes.
Stem cell research has the potential to contribute towards addressing Horizon 2020’s challenge of
Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing.
It can undoubtedly play an important role in reaching the objectives of
improving our understanding of the causes and mechanisms underlying
health, healthy ageing and disease; and improving our ability to monitor
health and to prevent, detect, treat and manage disease.
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