New algorithms for evolutionary networks

Reconstructing history through evolutionary 'trees' that illuminate patterns among related organisms is a well-established science. In recent years, the model has expanded into phylogenetic networks, which more accurately capture the genetic shifts that can occur over generations.

The 'New algorithmic and mathematical tools to construct a net of life' (LIFENET) project aims to improve the mathematical and computational tools used to construct these networks. This would aid the analysis of data in ways that are meaningful to biologists.

LIFENET has developed the first algorithm to successfully illustrate interbreeding between species by simultaneously embedding a large number of trees into a single network. They also defined the upper and lower number of trees needed to reconstruct a network for species that reproduce non-sexually through a transfer of genes.

Team members also tackled complexity by breaking down networks into a tree so that it may be solved as an easier problem. Furthermore, researchers proposed a new definition for the term 'parsimony' in the phylogenetic research community (generally, it means choosing the simplest explanation that fits the evidence), and an algorithm to solve parsimonious networks.

The project has fostered new collaborations between Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United States. LIFENET's research also provides direct insights into the evolution of viruses such as HIV, which is essential in the development of any medication.