There are around 500 airports in the 28 European Union member states and
even the smallest one consumes energy like there’s no tomorrow. The
goal of the EU’s three-year
CASCADE
project – ICT for Energy Efficient Airports – is to help airport
managers reduce their energy needs and cut the CO2 emissions caused
specifically by their high-consuming heating, ventilating and air
conditioning (HVAC) plants by 20 % in the short term.
The nine CASCADE
partners , funded with EUR 2.6 million from the EC’s
7th Framework Programme
, aim to do this by means of new software, coupled with an energy
action plan based on the international management standard ISO 50001,
and algorithms for fault detection and diagnostics. Using the CASCADE
system, faults can be detected quickly and automatically before the
systems are damaged or fail, or too much energy is wasted, and thus help
airport maintenance teams implement corrective actions and improve the
performance of equipment in the plants.
It’s perfect timing for airport managers, as they are under pressure to help the EU meet its
20-20-20 goals
(one of them being to cut domestic emissions 20 % by 2020) by
economizing in energy management. And for this they need tools which
provide adequate support. CASCADE provides them with such a tool,
integrating it with the existing ICT solutions already installed at
airport facilities.
HVAC SYSTEMS CONSUME 50% OF ALL ENERGY AT AIRPORTS
Rome’s Fiumicino and Milan’s Malpensa airports, the two biggest in
Italy, agreed to act as pilots, dedicating personnel and resources to
the project. Some 55 million passengers use these airports every year.
Around half of the energy they use is consumed by heating, ventilation
and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, so reducing this by 20% will
significantly reduce overall energy consumption at the airports.
‘We are not targeting the whole airport infrastructure,’ said CASCADE coordinator
Nicolas Réhault , head of group building performance optimization at the
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
in Freiburg, Germany. ‘Our objective is to save 20 % energy on these
targeted systems by optimizing savings and with the knowledge we gain we
then want to replicate the solution at other airports.
Focusing on the HVAC systems – especially the large air handling
units, chiller plants and cooling towers the airports use – the project
team installed hundreds of new sensors, meters and advanced data loggers
at the two airports to step up measurement of parameters such as
temperature, pressure, flow rates, electrical consumption, etc.
Engineers using this new measurement framework can control and
benchmark equipment performance and optimize user behavior. Coupling
this to fault detection tools, they have been able to root out problems
in scheduling (equipment running when it’s not needed), incorrect
heating and cooling settings in different areas of the airport, poor
positioning of sensors or actuators, lack of calibration or maintenance,
unbalanced pipe and duct systems, and so on.
After the first six months of the pilot phase, the CASCADE system
has already detected some control and sensor faults in large air
handling units that provide Fiumicino Terminal 1 with fresh air.
Estimated savings of 500 MWh, which corresponds to about 3,500 tons of
CO2 or 70 000 EUR a year, are achievable just by implementing
low-investment measures like resetting the controls or replacing faulty
sensors, the researchers found.
SOFTWARE COULD BE APPLIED TO OTHER COMPLEX BUILDINGS
Interest in the project has extended across the EU. Airports Council
International has committed its support to the proposal by providing a
channel to demonstrate the results to 400 of the 500 EU-28 airports. The
CASCADE consortium hopes that through its network other airports will
integrate the CASCADE software tool into their energy management plans.
There will be other applications for the CASCADE software, as
Nicolas went on to explain. ‘Airports are very complex infrastructures.
We have gained a lot of know-how on how these infrastructures work. This
can be replicated to other highly complex buildings such as hospitals
and banks. And it could be downscaled to simpler things, too.’
Link to project on CORDIS
Link to project's website
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